Telegraphy



TELEGRAPH Y.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1916.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920 4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1916.

Patented Sept. 14,19 2@.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

SHOE/W4 0i m hw w. M. B'RUCE,'JR.

TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED MAY 1.5, 19.16.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920. 4'SHEETSSHEET 4 wirbneoo M airs sra rs far are.

WILLIAM M. BRUCE, an, sramermtn, omo.

TELE HY.

, messes.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM M. BRUCE,

J r., a citizen of the United States, residin' at Springfield, inthecounty of Clark and State of Ohio, have invented (361173.111-l1fi77 anduseful Improvements in Telegraphy, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in telegraphy and especially inreceiving mechanism, particularly adapted for use with Submarine cablesor high capacity OI SlIIlI- lar conductors where Weak Currents only canbe employed and it relates more particularly to that class ofreceiving-and translating devices in which variable resistance such asselenium is employed for.

operating the translating device. I have adapted my devices to systems,of telegraphy whereimpulses of opposite polarity of current follow eachother either at the end of each character or at the'beginning and end ofeach character though parts of the system i or apparatus may be employedwith any of the well known systems.

and a method of projecting the light there;

on so as to secure a higher efliciency from.

the selenium cells. I o I v Another object is to improve upon thecircuits for the translating devices connecb edto the selenium organismwith a special view to maintaining a proper zero-in the translatingdevices.

With these primary objects which will appear from the description of thedevices, my invention consists in the'intrumentalities and circuitshereinafterdee Y scribed and set forth in the claims. r

,In the accompanying drawings: ,Figure l is a diagrammatic view'illustrating, the arrangement of the selenium organism, the lightprojecting and deflecting means; also the local circuits for controllingthe translating devices from the selenium organism Figs. 2, 3 and 4 aredetail'views more or less diagrammatic showing the arrangement cation.

'rated from'each other by insulating My present invention has for itsobject the improvement of the selenium organism and Y othersdiagrammatic view showing a 1 1a. Serial No. 97,6481

Specification 6: was rat rs. Pate ted Sept. 14.11920 Application filedMay 15,

organism showing somewhat in detail the. mechamcal 'constructlon ofsame.

g QLike" parts are represented by similar [characters of reference inthe several views..-

As shown in Fig. 7 theselenium organism ach unitor cell is composed of aseries of metallic. plates-a and a and b and b, sepamate- .rial and withthe .selenium arranged in the spaces. between the plates as'to secure amade up of a seriesof units'or cells and very thin film or surface ofthe selenium.

Alsoas shown in Fig; 7 these cells or units are arranged in groups andasshown in igs; 2, 3, 4: and 5 these groups areelectri-vcallyjconnectedpreferably in multiple and Ilprefer'ably arrange'th'em inpairs so that one. cell of each groupis'v in-' each pair as 'l shown inFigs. 1 to 4.-inclu'sive, although 'th'eymay be arrangedasshownin Fig."5

with the cells apart; f

forming; the groups spaced Instead of acing. tire-06115 lass to- Igether as hasbee n the usual method-I'space the' cellsor'pair. of cellsapart a distance'not v than the width tr one cell or unit and Where-thecellsare'arran'ged in" pairs I also space; a; For .operatingthemech'anism'I employ a sourcedof light'-c- (see- Fig-J11) in front ofwhich'ithere is. referabIypIaced-alens d '1 audit-"perforated, screene'by means of .#which there isprojecte'd 'on the mirror f a seriesoflight bands or bars separated from each other'byafseries of shadowsor'dark' bands or bars. The mirror in turn" is arranged-to project thesebars-'intof-the selenium unit shown as. s in Fig. l". preferably througha lens d; thisfmechanism all being. so installed and adjusted that thebands or bars of light I and ,shade will be projected-7 units asindicated: in Figs. 1, 221ml "5. The.

mirror is arranged to. beudeflected by the v receiving currentpreferably"by-"mounting it upon an ordinary'suspended coil such as. usedon galvanometer or SlPllOIl recorder .and the deflection of the mirroris adjusted so as to alternately bring the light bal s on separate thecellsof thelpairs 'by a slight I on the selenium unit' -'with thebandsohlightg normally in' thejjspaces between j the. units and theshadows on the cells "or selenium" one or'the other group of cells.while the re maining-group remains in shadow. Where shown in Figs. 2, 3and 4' this isobtained 11 0 the'individual cells are arranged in pairsas having one more light space than there are cells and, as these lightspaces or bars normally occupy the spaces between the cells when themirror is shifted in one direcpair a-re'shown in thelight while in-Fig.4

" tion or the other all the cells in one group will be in the light andthose of the other grou will be in shadow, this is illustrated in Fig.3, w'here the cells at the leftof each those at the right are shown inthe light.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5 where the-groups are separatedinstead of being arranged in pairs,- the same result is accom- 1 plishedby'arranging the light bar's nor-l mally on one side of thecells of onegroup and on the-opposite side of the cells. of the other group, thecentral light space in this case being of double width so that. as the Iimageof thelight and dark streaks is shifted in 'one direction orthe'other the cell on one side of said space is exposed to the lightand'that on the other side. remains in darkness. L

As above 'statedfl space @5115 or bars of light apart a distancenotlessthan the width of one-cell with the lightbars substantially equalto the width of the' cell; Where the adj ustmentsare very delicate as.for

stance in duplex 'sendin ,I make the space between thecellsslight y,greater-than the than so, that minute. deflecposing of the mirror areeither all exposed to the light or all in the shadow, thussepurin a veryquick and-positive response in the re ay from the shifting light beams.I,

The electrical circuits may be described as follows:

9 is the cable or conductor and g the far- .tifical line by which duplexsending is provided for, g isthe line to the sending instrument and g isthe receiv ng instrument carrying the mirror 7. The 0011 f of the receiving instrument is connected across the bridge betweenthe conductor andartificial by the usual circuits 1 and 2 so as toreceive-v the impulsescoming from the conductor '9 and permit the transmission ofsendingimpulses fron g without affecting the receiving device. One groupof cells of the selenium organismis connected by'wire 3,to one pole ofthe battery X and the other group by wire 4 to the opposite pole of thebattery X.

Branch connections 5 and 6 from lines 3 and '4 are provided with properresistance r and fr" forming the four arms of a bridge the diagonal ofwhich formed by the wires 7 and 8 include the relay or translatingdevice 7.

" These connections are such that if the res1st ance of either group ofselenium cells is polarity or the other will be sent frombattery X to'the relay it over the following circuit: battery X, branch 5,resistance 7 wire 7, relay 7L, wire 8 to one side of the selenium celland by wire 4: back to battery X or if in the opposite direction frombattery X, branch 6, resistance 7', wire 7 relay h, wire 8 totheopposite side of the other group of cells;

Now, I have found inpract ice that unless this selenium organism is madewith the most minute accuracy and the thickness of the selenium bodyreduced to minute proportions that the inertia of the selenium willprevent the relay h from returning sharply and quickly to zero inresponse to the impulses of current and to overcome. this I insert inthe line 8 in series with the relay a,

condenser 71 and I have found that by this i changed thebal ance of thebridge will be disturbed and an impulse of current of one means whenimpulses of opposite polarity are employed'the impulse ofcurrent-operates the relay .sharply and quickly and the condenserpermits it at once to return to its zero. position when otherwise itwould be del flected or remain in its deflected position owing to theinertia of the. selenium element' i It is obvious that the smaller themass 0 selenium the-higher the resistance and the less current that canpass through, on, the. -other hand the larger the mass of selenium themore inert'material there is unaffected thelight and the neore sluggishthe action of the/relay but by the use of the-condenser red inthe'circuit I have found that I can ma terially decrease the resistanceof the cells V and use a larger mass ofselemum (and conse quently morecurrent) without the inertia thereof affecting the relay or its positivezero. p

This is particularly advantageous where a Morse system is employed andthe impulses used to operate a' sounder or other simple translatinginstrument.

Also I have found that by the use of the condenser in connection withthe selenium organism and the relay the bridge across which the relayis:connected need not be accurately balanced. have, for instance,

been able to operate the relay with a differ- I e nce 'of 7 000 ohms inthe arms of the bridge and found the relay maintained a perfectzerdwliere a difference of 5 ohms without the condenser would destroythe accuracy of the operation of the relay.

l have shown in Fig. l, the relay it operat-- ing between the contactsit and 71 connected to the opposite ends of a divided battery m thecenter of which battery is connected by .wire 9 to a polarized relay thecircuit of which is completed by wire 10 to thevibrat ing contact h ofthe relay h. This polarized relay j may be connected to operate theusual sounder is over the usual local circuit from' This arrangementdispenses with the use of the suspended coil relay h and I have foundthis to be possible with the use of a condenser z" and where theselenium organism is made up with sutficiently low resistance to permitan amount of current su flicient to operate a relay of this character.

aving thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A receiving device for telegraphy prisin a selenium organism composedof a plurallty of separate units or cells spaced apart a distance notless than the width of the individual units or cells, a source of lightand means for deflecting the said light in bars of a width substantiallyequal to the width of the individual cells, said bars of light beingseparated by shadows equal in Width to one or more of said individualcells, and a deflector arranged to shift the bars of light and shadow ineither direction to a distance substantially equal to one of said cellsas and for the purpose specified.

2. In telegraphy, a recelving device, a selenium organism and a sourceof light, and deflecting means at the receiving device to deflect therays from said light source in parallel bars of light and shade, saidselenium organism being made of a plurality of units or cells of a Widthsubstantially equal to the bars of light and separated from each otherby a space not less than the width oi the 11 ht bars, said seleniumcells being arranger? in pairs, the different units of each pair beingelectrically connected in multiple and arranged in a bridge so that oneof the units of one pairin one arm of the bridge and the other unit ofthe pair in the other arm of the bridge, a source of current, and apolar relay in the diagonal of the bridge as and for the purpose secified.

3. n a system of telegraphy, employing successive impulses of oppositecurrent, a selenium organism having a multiplicity of units or cellswhich are arranged in two arms of a bridge, a polarized relay connectedacross the diagonal of said bridge, and a condenser in series with saidrelay.

4. In a telegraph system, a selenium organism for operating electricaldevices, consisting of a plurality of units or cells spaced apart adistance not less than the width of the units, said units being dividednumerically with half of the units connected in multiple in one circuitand the other half connected in multiple in another circuit, a lightprojecting mechanism comprising means for projecting bars of lightsubstantially equal to the width of a unit and spaced apart by shadowsof a width not less than two of said selenium units or cells, and meansfor deflecting said bars of light or shade so that all of said unitsshall be 'in shadow or one half in shadow and the other in light.

5. In a telegraphic system employing imgroup connectedin multiple one ofthe other, a light projecting device for deflecting alternate bars oflight and shadow on said cells, and means for deflecting the same tocause the light or shade to cover said units, a connection from saidmultiple sets of units to a polarized relay, and a source of currentsupply therefor, and condenser in series with said relay as and for thepurpose specified.

6. In a telegraph system, a selenium organism of a plurality of separatecells spaced apart, a source of light, means for projecting the saidlight in bars of a width substantially equal to the width of the cellsand separated by shadows equal in width to one or more of said cells,said cells being spaced apart adistance greater than the Width of the liht bars, and a deflector to shift the bars or light in either directionto a distance substantially equal to one of said cells, and electricalconnections from said cells to a translating device as and for theIVILLIAM M. BRUCE, JR.

Witness:

CHAS. I. WELOH.

